Kharian in context: Street-network sprawl trends

The chart above shows SNDi trends for new street additions (left panel) and the entire network (right panel), with Kharian plotted against Punjab and Pakistan. The SNDi of new construction in Kharian followed a zig-zag trend with an overall decrease, compared to Punjab which followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase and Pakistan which followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase. Most recently, Kharian's incremental SNDi fell from 4.36 to 4.26 between 1991-2005 and 2006-2020. In terms of the aggregate network, Kharian ranked 101st out of 146 cities in Punjab and 173rd out of 292 in Pakistan as of 2020.

Rankings go from most connected to most disconnected — rank 1 is the most connected.

What about similarly populated cities?

• Blumenau, Brazil
• Bila Tserkva, Ukraine
• Mönchengladbach, Germany
• Eugene, United States
• Santa Ana, El Salvador
• Madhuban, India

In new street additions, Kharian fluctuated in its street-construction patterns, while Blumenau built increasingly disconnected streets over time and Eugene built increasingly disconnected streets from 1975 through 1976-1990, then improved. Looking at the full network, Blumenau and Eugene both became progressively more disconnected, while Kharian fluctuated in connectivity. Kharian and Blumenau have been growing further apart in their street-network character since 1975.