Keffi in context: Street-network sprawl trends

The chart above shows SNDi trends for new street additions (left panel) and the entire network (right panel), with Keffi plotted against Nasarawa and Nigeria. The SNDi of new construction in Keffi was at its lowest in 1976-1990, compared to Nasarawa which rose steadily and Nigeria which followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase. Most recently, Keffi's incremental SNDi rose from 3.6 to 4.43 between 1991-2005 and 2006-2020. In terms of the aggregate network, Keffi ranked 5th out of 7 cities in Nasarawa and 288th out of 422 in Nigeria as of 2020.

Rankings go from most connected to most disconnected — rank 1 is the most connected.

What about similarly populated cities?

• Hatsinigmari, India
• Wulian, China
• Tandlianwala, Pakistan
• Lages, Brazil
• Ayangba, Nigeria
• Aflou, Algeria

In new street additions, Keffi built increasingly connected streets from 1975 through 1976-1990, then shifted to more disconnected patterns, while Hatsinigmari built increasingly disconnected streets from 1975 through 1976-1990, then improved and Lages built increasingly disconnected streets over time. For the full network, Keffi became more connected from 1975 through 1976-1990, then grew more sprawly from 1976-1990 onwards, while Hatsinigmari grew more disconnected from 1975 through 1976-1990, then improved and Lages became progressively more disconnected. Keffi and Hatsinigmari have been growing further apart in their street-network character since 1975.