Bena in context: Street-network sprawl trends

The chart above shows SNDi trends for new street additions (left panel) and the entire network (right panel), with Bena plotted against Kebbi and Nigeria. The SNDi of new construction in Bena followed a zig-zag trend, compared to Kebbi which followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase and Nigeria which followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase. Most recently, Bena's incremental SNDi fell from 1.46 to 0.71 between 1991-2005 and 2006-2020. In terms of the aggregate network, Bena ranked 1st out of 12 cities in Kebbi and 1st out of 422 in Nigeria as of 2020.

Rankings go from most connected to most disconnected — rank 1 is the most connected.

What about similarly populated cities?

• Veenendaal, Netherlands
• Batsari, Nigeria
• Igbara-Odo, Nigeria
• Saundatti, India
• Panchgram, India
• Mahmud-e Raqi, Afghanistan

In new street additions, Bena fluctuated in its street-construction patterns, while Veenendaal fluctuated in its street-construction patterns and Saundatti built increasingly connected streets from 1975 through 1976-1990, then shifted to more disconnected patterns. For the full network, Bena fluctuated in connectivity, while Veenendaal became progressively more disconnected and Saundatti became more connected from 1975 through 1976-1990, then grew more sprawly from 1976-1990 onwards.