Lumajang in context: Street-network sprawl trends

The chart above shows SNDi trends for new street additions (left panel) and the entire network (right panel), with Lumajang plotted against Jawa Timur and Indonesia. The SNDi of new construction in Lumajang followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase, compared to Jawa Timur which rose steadily and Indonesia which rose steadily. Most recently, Lumajang's incremental SNDi rose from 4.82 to 5.36 between 1991-2005 and 2006-2020. In terms of the aggregate network, Lumajang ranked 29th out of 57 cities in Jawa Timur and 170th out of 366 in Indonesia as of 2020.

Rankings go from most connected to most disconnected — rank 1 is the most connected.

What about similarly populated cities?

• Mera Umarzai, Pakistan
• Zhao'an, China
• Guzarah, Afghanistan
• Neftekamsk, Russia
• Padangan, Indonesia
• Luxembourg, Luxembourg

In new street additions, Lumajang fluctuated in its street-construction patterns, while Mera Umarzai built increasingly disconnected streets over time and Neftekamsk built increasingly disconnected streets from 1975 through 1976-1990, then improved. For the full network, Lumajang became progressively more disconnected, while Mera Umarzai became more connected from 1975 through 1976-1990, then grew more sprawly from 1976-1990 onwards and Neftekamsk grew more disconnected from 1975 through 1991-2005, then improved. Lumajang and Neftekamsk have been growing further apart in their street-network character since 1975.