Toboali in context: Street-network sprawl trends

The chart above shows SNDi trends for new street additions (left panel) and the entire network (right panel), with Toboali plotted against Bangka Belitung and Indonesia. All three follow the same trend in new construction, suggesting a shared regional pattern of development. Most recently, Toboali's incremental SNDi rose from 4.63 to 4.76 between 1991-2005 and 2006-2020. In terms of the aggregate network, Toboali ranked 1st out of 5 cities in Bangka Belitung and 160th out of 366 in Indonesia as of 2020.

Rankings go from most connected to most disconnected — rank 1 is the most connected.

What about similarly populated cities?

• Xiaoguan, China
• Lake Ronkonkoma, United States
• Massinga, Mozambique
• Kaiyang, China
• Edéa, Cameroon
• Vavoua, Côte d'Ivoire

In new street additions, Toboali built increasingly disconnected streets over time, while Xiaoguan built increasingly disconnected streets from 1975 through 1991-2005, then improved and Kaiyang built increasingly connected streets from 1975 through 1976-1990, then shifted to more disconnected patterns. For the full network, Toboali became progressively more disconnected, while Xiaoguan grew more disconnected from 1975 through 1991-2005, then improved and Kaiyang became more connected from 1975 through 1976-1990, then grew more sprawly from 1976-1990 onwards. Notably, Toboali had a more connected network than Xiaoguan in 1975 but the two have since reversed their relative ranking.