Negara in context: Street-network sprawl trends

The chart above shows SNDi trends for new street additions (left panel) and the entire network (right panel), with Negara plotted against Bali and Indonesia. All three follow the same trend in new construction, suggesting a shared regional pattern of development. Most recently, Negara's incremental SNDi rose from 4.62 to 5.53 between 1991-2005 and 2006-2020. In terms of the aggregate network, Negara ranked 1st out of 8 cities in Bali and 193rd out of 366 in Indonesia as of 2020.

Rankings go from most connected to most disconnected — rank 1 is the most connected.

What about similarly populated cities?

• Pingyuan, China
• Andria, Italy
• Pukchang, North Korea
• Landi Kotal, Pakistan
• Qabilat alturki, Libya
• Haringhata, India

In new street additions, Negara built increasingly disconnected streets over time, while Pingyuan built increasingly disconnected streets from 1975 through 1976-1990, then improved and Landi Kotal fluctuated in its street-construction patterns. For the full network, Negara became progressively more disconnected, while Pingyuan grew more disconnected from 1975 through 1991-2005, then improved and Landi Kotal fluctuated in connectivity. Negara and Pingyuan have been growing further apart in their street-network character since 1975.