Haroa in context: Street-network sprawl trends

The chart above shows SNDi trends for new street additions (left panel) and the entire network (right panel), with Haroa plotted against West Bengal and India. The SNDi of new construction in Haroa fell steadily, compared to West Bengal which followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase and India which followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase. Most recently, Haroa's incremental SNDi fell from 6.15 to 6.09 between 1991-2005 and 2006-2020. In terms of the aggregate network, Haroa ranked 117th out of 140 cities in West Bengal and 1754th out of 1868 in India as of 2020.

Rankings go from most connected to most disconnected — rank 1 is the most connected.

What about similarly populated cities?

• Lobnya, Russia
• Mahmoudiyah, Iraq
• Yi'an, China
• Karapınar, Turkey
• Lins, Brazil
• Puding, China

In new street additions, Haroa built increasingly connected streets over time, while Lobnya built increasingly disconnected streets over time and Karapınar built increasingly disconnected streets from 1975 through 1976-1990, then improved. For the full network, Haroa became progressively more connected, while Lobnya became progressively more disconnected and Karapınar grew more disconnected from 1975 through 1976-1990, then improved. Haroa and Karapınar have been growing further apart in their street-network character since 1975.