Kunda in context: Street-network sprawl trends

The chart above shows SNDi trends for new street additions (left panel) and the entire network (right panel), with Kunda plotted against Uttar Pradesh and India. The SNDi of new construction in Kunda peaked in 1991-2005, compared to Uttar Pradesh which followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase and India which followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase. Most recently, Kunda's incremental SNDi fell from 1.84 to 1.01 between 1991-2005 and 2006-2020. In terms of the aggregate network, Kunda ranked 7th out of 291 cities in Uttar Pradesh and 28th out of 1868 in India as of 2020.

Rankings go from most connected to most disconnected — rank 1 is the most connected.

What about similarly populated cities?

• Filtu, Ethiopia
• Pemanggilan, Indonesia
• Botad, India
• Calaca, Philippines
• Manokwari, Indonesia
• Yopal, Colombia

In new street additions, Kunda and Calaca both built increasingly disconnected streets from 1975 through 1991-2005, then improved, while Filtu built increasingly connected streets from 1975 through 1976-1990, then shifted to more disconnected patterns. For the full network, Kunda grew more disconnected from 1975 through 1976-1990, then improved, while Filtu became more connected from 1975 through 1976-1990, then grew more sprawly from 1976-1990 onwards and Calaca became progressively more disconnected. Notably, Kunda had a more sprawly network than Filtu in 1975 but the two have since reversed their relative ranking.