Karhal in context: Street-network sprawl trends

The chart above shows SNDi trends for new street additions (left panel) and the entire network (right panel), with Karhal plotted against Uttar Pradesh and India. All three follow the same trend in new construction, suggesting a shared regional pattern of development. Most recently, Karhal's incremental SNDi rose from 2.98 to 4.21 between 1991-2005 and 2006-2020. In terms of the aggregate network, Karhal ranked 116th out of 291 cities in Uttar Pradesh and 840th out of 1868 in India as of 2020.

Rankings go from most connected to most disconnected — rank 1 is the most connected.

What about similarly populated cities?

• Tongbai, China
• Amora, Portugal
• Coatepeque, Guatemala
• Linjiang, China
• Terni, Italy
• Ourense, Spain

In new street additions, Karhal fluctuated in its street-construction patterns, while Tongbai fluctuated in its street-construction patterns and Linjiang built increasingly disconnected streets from 1975 through 1976-1990, then improved. For the full network, Karhal fluctuated in connectivity, while Tongbai became progressively more connected and Linjiang became progressively more disconnected. Karhal and Tongbai have been growing further apart in their street-network character since 1975.