Kalpi in context: Street-network sprawl trends

The chart above shows SNDi trends for new street additions (left panel) and the entire network (right panel), with Kalpi plotted against Uttar Pradesh and India. The SNDi of new construction in Kalpi was at its lowest in 1976-1990, compared to Uttar Pradesh which followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase and India which followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase. Most recently, Kalpi's incremental SNDi rose from 3.74 to 6.79 between 1991-2005 and 2006-2020. In terms of the aggregate network, Kalpi ranked 160th out of 291 cities in Uttar Pradesh and 1115th out of 1868 in India as of 2020.

Rankings go from most connected to most disconnected — rank 1 is the most connected.

What about similarly populated cities?

• Khenifra, Morocco
• Miandoab, Iran
• Zhijin, China
• Boditi, Ethiopia
• Basankusu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
• Longnan, China

In new street additions, Kalpi and Khenifra both built increasingly connected streets from 1975 through 1976-1990, then shifted to more disconnected patterns, while Boditi built increasingly disconnected streets from 1975 through 1976-1990, then improved. For the full network, Kalpi became progressively more disconnected, while Khenifra became more connected from 1975 through 1976-1990, then grew more sprawly from 1976-1990 onwards and Boditi grew more disconnected from 1975 through 1976-1990, then improved. Kalpi and Khenifra have been growing further apart in their street-network character since 1975.