Hardoi in context: Street-network sprawl trends

The chart above shows SNDi trends for new street additions (left panel) and the entire network (right panel), with Hardoi plotted against Uttar Pradesh and India. The SNDi of new construction in Hardoi rose steadily, compared to Uttar Pradesh which followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase and India which followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase. Most recently, Hardoi's incremental SNDi rose from 3.89 to 4.14 between 1991-2005 and 2006-2020. In terms of the aggregate network, Hardoi ranked 138th out of 291 cities in Uttar Pradesh and 967th out of 1868 in India as of 2020.

Rankings go from most connected to most disconnected — rank 1 is the most connected.

What about similarly populated cities?

• Pointe-Noire, Republic of the Congo
• Zhenjiang, China
• Bilbao, Spain
• Huadu, China
• Cuiabá, Brazil
• Bilaspur, India

In new street additions, Hardoi built increasingly disconnected streets over time, while Pointe-Noire built increasingly disconnected streets from 1975 through 1976-1990, then improved and Huadu fluctuated in its street-construction patterns. For the full network, Hardoi and Pointe-Noire both became progressively more disconnected, while Huadu fluctuated in connectivity. Hardoi and Huadu have been growing further apart in their street-network character since 1975.