Pen in context: Street-network sprawl trends

The chart above shows SNDi trends for new street additions (left panel) and the entire network (right panel), with Pen plotted against Maharashtra and India. All three follow the same trend in new construction, suggesting a shared regional pattern of development. Most recently, Pen's incremental SNDi rose from 4.59 to 5.26 between 1991-2005 and 2006-2020. In terms of the aggregate network, Pen ranked 144th out of 157 cities in Maharashtra and 1492nd out of 1868 in India as of 2020.

Rankings go from most connected to most disconnected — rank 1 is the most connected.

What about similarly populated cities?

• Peterborough, Canada
• Khirz Sarai, India
• Migori, Kenya
• Ghonchi, Tajikistan
• Kitotolo, Democratic Republic of the Congo
• Asika, India

In new street additions, Pen and Peterborough both fluctuated in its street-construction patterns, while Ghonchi built increasingly disconnected streets over time. Looking at the full network, Peterborough and Ghonchi both became progressively more disconnected, while Pen fluctuated in connectivity. Pen and Ghonchi have been converging in their street-network character since 1975.