Kalpetta in context: Street-network sprawl trends

The chart above shows SNDi trends for new street additions (left panel) and the entire network (right panel), with Kalpetta plotted against Kerala and India. The SNDi of new construction in Kalpetta was at its lowest in 1976-1990, compared to Kerala which was at its lowest in 1976-1990 and India which followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase. Most recently, Kalpetta's incremental SNDi rose from 4.92 to 7.21 between 1991-2005 and 2006-2020. In terms of the aggregate network, Kalpetta ranked 42nd out of 48 cities in Kerala and 1706th out of 1868 in India as of 2020.

Rankings go from most connected to most disconnected — rank 1 is the most connected.

What about similarly populated cities?

• Coquimbo, Chile
• Bagerhat, Bangladesh
• Nagaoka, Japan
• Debark, Ethiopia
• Afamolla, Bangladesh
• Lens, France

In new street additions, Kalpetta built increasingly connected streets from 1975 through 1976-1990, then shifted to more disconnected patterns, while Coquimbo fluctuated in its street-construction patterns and Debark built increasingly disconnected streets over time. Looking at the full network, Coquimbo and Debark both became progressively more disconnected, while Kalpetta became more connected from 1975 through 1976-1990, then grew more sprawly from 1976-1990 onwards. Kalpetta and Debark have been converging in their street-network character since 1975.