Raxaul in context: Street-network sprawl trends

The chart above shows SNDi trends for new street additions (left panel) and the entire network (right panel), with Raxaul plotted against Bihar and India. The SNDi of new construction in Raxaul rose steadily, compared to Bihar which followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase and India which followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase. Most recently, Raxaul's incremental SNDi rose from 5.76 to 6.25 between 1991-2005 and 2006-2020. In terms of the aggregate network, Raxaul ranked 193rd out of 264 cities in Bihar and 1552nd out of 1868 in India as of 2020.

Rankings go from most connected to most disconnected — rank 1 is the most connected.

What about similarly populated cities?

• Ankpa, Nigeria
• Kotdwar, India
• Karadeniz Ereğli, Turkey
• Gong'an, China
• Hagen, Germany
• Kebonan, Indonesia

In new street additions, Raxaul and Ankpa both built increasingly disconnected streets over time, while Gong'an built increasingly disconnected streets from 1975 through 1976-1990, then improved. For the full network, Raxaul and Ankpa both became progressively more disconnected, while Gong'an grew more disconnected from 1975 through 1976-1990, then improved. Notably, Raxaul had a more connected network than Gong'an in 1975 but the two have since reversed their relative ranking.