Phenhara in context: Street-network sprawl trends

The chart above shows SNDi trends for new street additions (left panel) and the entire network (right panel), with Phenhara plotted against Bihar and India. The SNDi of new construction in Phenhara rose steadily, compared to Bihar which followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase and India which followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase. Most recently, Phenhara's incremental SNDi rose from 4.26 to 5.71 between 1991-2005 and 2006-2020. In terms of the aggregate network, Phenhara ranked 128th out of 264 cities in Bihar and 1344th out of 1868 in India as of 2020.

Rankings go from most connected to most disconnected — rank 1 is the most connected.

What about similarly populated cities?

• Newcastle, Australia
• Anxi, China
• Cartago, Costa Rica
• Long Thành, Vietnam
• Reims, France
• Fengcheng, China

In new street additions, Phenhara built increasingly disconnected streets over time, while Newcastle built increasingly disconnected streets from 1975 through 1991-2005, then improved and Long Thành built increasingly connected streets from 1975 through 1976-1990, then shifted to more disconnected patterns. For the full network, Phenhara and Newcastle both became progressively more disconnected, while Long Thành became more connected from 1975 through 1976-1990, then grew more sprawly from 1976-1990 onwards. Phenhara and Newcastle have been growing further apart in their street-network character since 1975.