Luvungi in context: Street-network sprawl trends

The chart above shows SNDi trends for new street additions (left panel) and the entire network (right panel), with Luvungi plotted against Sud-Kivu and Democratic Republic of the Congo. The SNDi of new construction in Luvungi peaked in 1991-2005, compared to Sud-Kivu which followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase and Democratic Republic of the Congo which followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase. Most recently, Luvungi's incremental SNDi fell from 5.42 to 3.86 between 1991-2005 and 2006-2020. In terms of the aggregate network, Luvungi ranked 5th out of 12 cities in Sud-Kivu and 121st out of 186 in Democratic Republic of the Congo as of 2020.

Rankings go from most connected to most disconnected — rank 1 is the most connected.

What about similarly populated cities?

• Kayonza, Rwanda
• Awlad Seif, Egypt
• Jianhuai, China
• Satelite Norte, Bolivia
• Dhobley, Somalia
• Ambohitrimanjaka, Madagascar

In new street additions, Luvungi built increasingly disconnected streets from 1975 through 1991-2005, then improved, while Kayonza built increasingly connected streets from 1975 through 1976-1990, then shifted to more disconnected patterns and Satelite Norte fluctuated in its street-construction patterns. For the full network, Luvungi became progressively more disconnected, while Kayonza became more connected from 1975 through 1976-1990, then grew more sprawly from 1976-1990 onwards and Satelite Norte grew more disconnected from 1975 through 1976-1990, then improved. Luvungi and Kayonza have been growing further apart in their street-network character since 1975.