Itupeva in context: Street-network sprawl trends

The chart above shows SNDi trends for new street additions (left panel) and the entire network (right panel), with Itupeva plotted against São Paulo and Brazil. The SNDi of new construction in Itupeva rose steadily, compared to São Paulo which rose steadily and Brazil which followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase. Most recently, Itupeva's incremental SNDi rose from 4.06 to 4.36 between 1991-2005 and 2006-2020. In terms of the aggregate network, Itupeva ranked 73rd out of 76 cities in São Paulo and 340th out of 365 in Brazil as of 2020.

Rankings go from most connected to most disconnected — rank 1 is the most connected.

What about similarly populated cities?

• Karimpur, India
• Pforzheim, Germany
• Nankang, China
• Kyaukme, Myanmar
• Guanqiao, China
• Brahmapuri, India

In new street additions, Itupeva and Kyaukme both built increasingly disconnected streets over time, while Karimpur built increasingly connected streets from 1975 through 1976-1990, then shifted to more disconnected patterns. For the full network, Itupeva and Kyaukme both became progressively more disconnected, while Karimpur became more connected from 1975 through 1976-1990, then grew more sprawly from 1976-1990 onwards. Itupeva and Karimpur have been converging in their street-network character since 1975.